In the research of “finger literacy”, Professor Li Sichun found that several eleven or two-year-old children have the ability to read with fingers and hear words with their ears. That is, use colored pens to write Chinese or English on a piece of paper or draw a pattern, and then fold the paper into a small paper ball and give it to the children to put in their ears or hold it in their hands. The result is as fast as tens of seconds. It takes a few minutes to tens of minutes to “see” the words written on the paper or the patterns drawn on the paper. After four years of rigorous experiments, he determined that finger literacy is a real and concrete fact. This kind of non-eye vision can only be achieved with the “screen effect” in the brain, and the palm temperature must be below 34°C. Other measured features include the fact that the subject’s eyesight will reduce the color recognition rate; the signal transmission process of the hand seems to be scanning the inside and outside of the paper sequentially, etc. These are important for understanding the principle of finger literacy in the future. data.

Wave-particle duality (wave-particle duality) means that all particles or quanta can be described not only in particle terms, but also in wave terms. This means that the classic concepts of “particles” and “waves” have lost the ability to completely describe physical behavior in the quantum range. The former constitutes what we often call “matter”, and the typical example of the latter is light waves. The wave-particle duality solves this problem of “pure” particles and “pure” waves. It provides a theoretical framework so that any matter can sometimes exhibit particle properties and sometimes fluctuate properties.

Einstein described this phenomenon like this: “It seems that sometimes we must use one set of theories, sometimes we must use another set of theories to describe (the behavior of these particles), and sometimes we must use both. We encountered A new kind of difficulty, which forces us to use two contradictory viewpoints to describe reality. The two viewpoints alone cannot fully explain the phenomenon of light, but they can be combined together.” Wave-particle duality is One of the basic properties of microscopic particles. In 1905, Einstein proposed the light quantum explanation of the photoelectric effect, and people began to realize that light waves have the dual properties of waves and particles at the same time. In 1924, De Broglie put forward the “material wave” hypothesis, which believed that like light, all matter has wave-particle duality. According to this hypothesis, electrons will also have wave phenomena such as interference and diffraction. This was confirmed by later electron diffraction experiments. Thomas Young did the interference pattern obtained by the double slit experiment.

Schrödinger’s full name is Erwin Schrödinger. He is an Austrian physicist and one of the founders of quantum mechanics. He developed molecular biology. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Vienna. Professor of the University of Zurich, the University of Berlin and the University of Graz. Schrödinger’s cat experiment is to put a cat in an opaque box, and then connect the box to an experimental device that contains a radioactive nucleus and a container filled with toxic gas. It is assumed that the radioactive nucleus will have The possibility of decay, if it decays, it will trigger the experimental device, open the container with the poisonous gas, thereby killing the cat. According to quantum mechanics, when the nucleus is not observed, the nucleus is in a superposition of decayed and undecayed. However, if the box is opened after an hour, the experimenter can only see “decayed nuclei and dead cats” or “undecayed” “The nucleus and the live cat” two situations. What does this superposition form mean, that is, the nucleus is both decayed and undecayed… It is a superposition of two states, and only when someone observes it, it will be shown as decay. Or there is no decay. If no one cares about him, he will always be in a superposition state, which is terrible, because the cat will enter a dead and alive state with the superposition of the atomic nucleus.

When you observe this electron, there is obviously only one observation result at a time. This does not mean that it was only in this position before. Because at this time of observation, we must use a probe, such as a photon, to hit him. This photon also carries a certain amount of energy. Therefore, while observing, we have actually changed its properties.

This law is obviously difficult to understand. So when scientists first discovered the quantum world, they were also puzzled by its laws. Some scientists even refused to recognize the authenticity of certain laws, such as the famous scientists Planck and Einstein. So Schrödinger invented the metaphor of “a cat in both states of life and death” to explain this superimposed state (two different properties exist at the same time). Well, when the box is closed, it means that we haven’t observed it yet and we are in an undisturbed state. This is that he is both alive and dead (note that it is not possible to be alive or possibly dead). Our action of opening the box is to measure it, which is equivalent to intervening in his state from the outside world, and his state is changed, thus collapsing to a state, either alive or dead.